Review Sheet for Final

• valid argument, sound argument
• sufficient condition, necessary condition
• a "criterion" or practical test for X vs. a definition or analysis of what we mean by X vs. a stipulative definition of X
• What is a thought-experiment? Why are science fiction examples relevant to philosophy?
• begging the question
• equivocation
• dilemma
• reductio

• realism
• substance vs. property vs. process/activity
• "not every noun names a substance"
• process-based definitions of life vs. ingredient-based definitions
• Feldman's "Jonah objection" to vitalism

• mind vs. soul
• mental state
• dualism vs. materialism/physicalism
• Descartes' Dreaming Argument
• Descartes' Cogito Argument
• the Meditation 2 argument that what I am is a thinking thing (a mind)
• the Meditation 6 argument that my mind is separate from my body

• Leibniz's Law
• "I know that reporter is alive right now. I don't know whether Superman is still alive. Hence that reporter is not Superman."
• "I have no doubts about my own existence. I do have doubts about whether my body really exists. Hence I am not my body."
• examples of using Leibniz's Law to argue for dualism; examples using it to argue against dualism
• the "divisibility" argument for dualism

• necessary facts vs. contingent facts
• epistemic possibility
• metaphysical possibility
• physical possibility, also called nomological possibility
• examples of claims which are necessary but such that someone might be able to conceive or imagine them false

• saying one's fist is not identical to one's hand vs. saying that the fist is separate from, and can exist without, the hand
• examples where the A facts are claimed to settle the B facts; supervenience

• Turing Test: what is it? what is passing it supposed to show?
• behaviorism
• dispositions
• counterfactual claims
• manifestation of a disposition
• categorical basis of a disposition

• inverted color spectrums
• privileged access

• epiphenomenalism
• interactionism
• "the physical world is causally closed"
• causal "overdetermination"; why is it unattractive to say this happens everytime the mental causes a physical effect?
• the "remote control" argument against dualism

• What is a functional state? For instance, what makes something the ZERO state of a Coke machine?
• Causal Theory of Mind, functionalism
• "the mind is the brain" vs. "the mind is the brain's software": what do these slogans mean?
• multiple realizability

• representational states, intentionality
• derivative vs. intrinsic (or "original") intentionality
• Searle's Chinese Room Argument
• the "Systems Reply" to Searle

• numerical identity vs. qualitative identity
• intrinsic properties vs. extrinsic or relational properties
• essential properties vs. accidental properties
• the difference between intrinsic properties and essential properties
• the difference between intrinsic properties and important properties
• relation between Leibniz's Law and qualitative change
• Ship of Theseus
• conventionalism about personal identity

• brain transplant vs. "information transplant"
• teletransportation
• time-slice, person-stage (comparison of stages in a person's life to innings in a baseball game)
• "genuine memory presupposes identity", the circularity objection to Proposal #3
• quasi-memory
• psychological continuity
• direct psychological connections vs chains of psychological connections
• fission, fusion
• what does it mean for a relation to be transitive?
• the "psychological continuity + no competitors" view of personal identity
• "Identity should be an intrinsic matter, that is, intrinsic facts should settle how many people there are. It shouldn't depend on extrinsic facts!"
• the "bodily continuity" view of personal identity
• the "soul theory" of personal identity
• the "epistemic objections" to various proposals about personal identity
• the differences between the materialism/dualism debate and the debate about personal identity
• surviving in the strict philosophical sense vs. surviving in Parfit's sense (that is, having someone around who is psychologically continuous with you)
• "Personal identity isn't what we care about!"

• difference between the process of dying, the event of death, the state of being dead
• the Termination Thesis
• difference between being essentially alive and being immortal
• Epicurus' argument that your own death isn't bad for you
• hedonism
• acting for your own purposes vs acting for selfish purposes
• feeling good because you got what you aimed for vs aiming for feeling good
• intrinsic vs instrumental vs comparative badness
• the Deprivation Account of the badness of death
• Lucretius' argument that it's unreasonable to regard no longer being alive as worse than not yet being alive